Europe’s wave of protests intensified again ahead of the weekend. A general strike in Italy on October 30 escalated into clashes with police in Rome and Bologna, shop owners in Germany covered their storefronts with wooden boards ahead of demonstrations on October 31, and Paris authorities imposed a nighttime curfew in parts of the city center.
Barricades near the Colosseum
The strike was called by the grassroots union USB, with marches taking place in around 60 Italian cities. In Rome, about 300 people broke away from the main procession near the Colosseum and began throwing bottles at police.
Protesters blocked streets in the Celio district opposite the Colosseum with garbage containers and set bins and scooters on fire. Police stopped the march from reaching Ponte Sisto bridge, and eight people were detained. Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni said security had been maintained despite the actions of aggressive groups.
Participants unfurled Palestinian flags, as solidarity with Gaza has remained one of the main themes of Italian trade union protests for several months.
Protests against the government have continued across Italy throughout October—in Milan, Bologna, Turin and Rome. After two days of unrest in Milan, the government sent 500 soldiers to the city to assist police.
Bologna: Ring road blocked
In Bologna, protesters blocked the ring road, while exits onto the A14 and A13 motorways were also closed temporarily. A scuffle broke out between union members carrying red flags and police.
Rome and Bologna also saw clashes on October 24, when police in Rome used water cannon against demonstrators trying to reach the prime minister’s residence.
Germany boards up shopfronts
Demonstrations by the so-called Generation Z have been scheduled in Germany for October 31, when Halloween is celebrated. Ahead of the protests, luxury-brand boutiques on Berlin’s Kurfürstendamm covered their storefronts with wooden boards.
Stores on Hamburg’s Jungfernstieg, Düsseldorf’s Königsallee and in Frankfurt took similar measures, while some jewelry stores in Hamburg will remain closed on Saturday. Police said they had no information about preparations for organized looting, and protest organizers spoke out against violence.
Curfew in Paris
In France, the Paris police prefecture imposed a partial curfew from 11 p.m. to 6 a.m. from October 31 to November 2 in the areas around Place de la République and Châtelet–Les Halles. A separate restriction for minors will apply from 9 p.m.

French Interior Minister Laurent Nuñez warned of a “very high risk of urban violence” on Saturday. Between 100,000 and 150,000 participants are expected in Paris. Authorities did not approve the route from Place de la Bastille to Place de la Nation and directed marches onto the Marshals’ boulevards encircling the city.
Across the country, 70,000 police officers and gendarmes will be deployed on Saturday. It will be the third consecutive Saturday of protests, following demonstrations on October 17 and 24. During the unrest on October 17, more than 2,500 stores were looted and around 2,700 people were detained.