According to a report by Reuters based on secret documents and two European officials, at least four Russian and Chinese generals participated in military training held in China last year with the approval of Russian Defense Minister Andrey Belousov. The training, focused on radiation, chemical and biological defense, has caused concern in European capitals.
Ministry-Approved Secret Training
According to an internal memo from the Russian Defense Ministry dated August 2025, a Russian military delegation was sent to China with Belousov's direct approval. The delegation reportedly participated in a comprehensive training program at facilities of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. The document reviewed by Reuters noted that the training lasted three weeks at a military facility in Beijing and focused on protection against nuclear, biological and chemical threats.
High-Level Participation
The Russian side of the training was led by Deputy Commander of the Ground Forces, Lieutenant General Rustam Muradov. The document also shared that General Li Jin Song, head of the Chinese army's radiation, chemical and biological defense academy, personally attended the opening of the training. It was reported, citing officials, that at least four generals were involved in the process.
Photos obtained by Reuters show Russian soldiers taking lessons from Chinese instructors, working on a nuclear reactor model, and practicing chemical and radiation reconnaissance techniques.
Alarm Bells in Europe
European officials stressed that such strategic cooperation is alarming in the context of the Russia-Ukraine war. EU High Representative for Foreign Policy Kaja Kallas announced on June 15 that the bloc had confirmed the training through its own intelligence channels and was assessing its possible implications.
Behind closed doors, discussions within the EU focus on whether additional sanctions against Beijing are necessary despite existing economic ties. Brussels already imposes sanctions on Chinese companies it says support Russian war efforts.
China Denies
China's Foreign Ministry called the allegations "completely baseless." The Beijing administration reiterated that it is neutral in the Ukraine war and continues its mediation efforts for peace. The Kremlin has previously criticized similar reports as "misinformation circulating in the West" and refrained from official comment.
Experience Transfer
While Russia has gained intense combat experience in Ukraine for over four years, such training is considered an important exchange of knowledge for the Chinese army, which is technically advanced but has not seen active combat for decades. In internal Russian assessment reports obtained by Reuters, Chinese instructors were praised for their theoretical knowledge and simulation capabilities, while noting Beijing's lack of field experience.
A European official said, "This training in radiation, chemical and biological warfare highlights the strategic dimension of military cooperation." In a previous Reuters report published in June, it was claimed that about 200 Russian soldiers underwent a similar program in China and some were later deployed to the Ukrainian front.