Expulsion process and appeal

This page is for Turkish citizens in Russia against whom deportation proceedings have been initiated or who face this risk. Under Russian law, there are two main ways to remove a foreigner from the country: administrative expulsion imposed as a penalty (административное выдворение) and deportation of a foreigner who does not leave the country even though their right to stay has expired (депортация). Below you will find how the two processes work, detention periods, appeal procedures, subsequent entry bans, and the support you can receive from the consulate. For the amounts of fines, see R2.5; for the register of “persons under control” and the expulsion regime, see R2.4.

• Administrative expulsion (административное выдворение): this is a penalty for an administrative offense (Administrative Offenses Code, Art. 3.10).
  • The decision is issued by a judge or an authority authorized under the law.
  • There are two forms: forced expulsion (принудительное выдворение) and controlled voluntary departure (контролируемый самостоятельный выезд).
• Deportation (депортация): this applies to a foreigner who does not leave the country even though their right to stay has expired (115-FZ, Art. 31).
  • A foreigner whose period of stay has been shortened must leave within 3 days.
  • A foreigner whose temporary residence permit (РВП) or residence permit (ВНЖ) has been cancelled must leave within 15 days from notification of the cancellation.
  • A foreigner who does not leave within these periods is deported. Deportation is carried out by the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs and its regional units.
• Readmission (реадмиссия): foreigners subject to deportation may be transferred, under the applicable agreements, to a country with which Russia has concluded a readmission agreement (Art. 31/10).
• Examples of offenses punishable by expulsion:
  • violating stay and migration-registration rules (Art. 18.8; see R2.5)
  • working without authorization (Art. 18.10; see R3.5)
  • knowingly providing false information or forged documents in migration registration (Art. 19.27)
  • violating the rules on missionary activity by foreigners (Art. 5.26/5; see R10.3)

• The judge or authorized authority decides whether forced expulsion or controlled voluntary departure will apply by considering the following (Art. 3.10/4):
  • how long you have lived in Russia
  • your family situation
  • your tax payments
  • your income and housing
  • your activities and profession
  • your compliance with the law
  • whether you have applied for Russian citizenship
• Controlled voluntary departure: you leave Russia within 5 days after the decision becomes final (Art. 32.10/6). You or the party that invited you bears the cost (Art. 3.10/6). The migration authorities monitor your departure.
• Forced expulsion: the decision is enforced immediately, and the foreigner is placed in a special detention center for foreigners subject to expulsion (специальное учреждение) (Art. 32.10/1.1).
  • The detention period is a maximum of 90 days. If expulsion cannot actually be carried out within this period, the court may extend the period (Art. 27.19.1).
• An unpaid fine or other obligations imposed by the judge does not prevent enforcement of the expulsion decision (Art. 32.10/1.2).

• A foreigner subject to deportation is held in a special detention center until the decision is enforced (115-FZ, Art. 31/9).
• The Ministry of Internal Affairs may detain the foreigner on its own decision for a maximum of 48 hours. A court decision is required for a longer period (Art. 31/9.3–9.4). The court hears the case under Arts. 266–269 of the Code of Administrative Court Procedure (КАС).
• As a rule, the deported foreigner pays the cost of deportation. If the foreigner has no money or was employed in violation of the rules, the inviting party bears the cost (Art. 31/5).
• The Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs notifies the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the deportation. The Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs then informs the embassy or consulate of the foreigner’s country (Arts. 31/7–8).
• If you have outstanding tax, administrative-fine, or expulsion-cost debts, you will not be permitted to enter Russia until the debt is fully paid (114-FZ, Art. 27, para. 10).

• Appeals against administrative-expulsion and fine decisions (Administrative Offenses Code):
  • Deadline: 10 days from the day the decision was handed to you or served on you (Art. 30.3/1).
  • If you miss the deadline for a valid reason, you may ask the judge or authority examining the appeal to restore the deadline (Art. 30.3/2).
  • The appeal is submitted to the judge or authority that issued the decision; it may also be submitted directly to a higher court or higher authority (Art. 30.2/1 and 3).
  • An appeal against an expulsion decision is sent to the higher court or authority on the day it is received (Art. 30.2/2.1).
  • If you are about to be expelled, the appeal is examined within 24 hours (Art. 30.5/3).
• Deportation, entry-ban, and “undesirable person” decisions: you may bring a court action against these administrative decisions. The deadline is 3 months from the day you learned that your rights had been violated (Code of Administrative Court Procedure, Art. 219/1).
• Your rights during the process:
  • to retain a lawyer or representative (Administrative Offenses Code, Art. 25.5; see R10.5)
  • to give explanations in your own language and request an interpreter (Art. 24.2)

• Under Art. 27 of Federal Law 114-FZ (text dated June 26, 2026), entry into Russia is not permitted for the following periods:
  • a foreigner subject to an administrative-expulsion, deportation, or readmission decision: 5 years
  • if these decisions have been issued two or more times: 10 years
  • a foreigner punished two or more times within one year for an administrative offense involving public order and public security: 5 years from the date the last decision becomes final
  • a foreigner who exceeded a total of 90 days during one calendar year during their previous stay: 3 years from departure
  • a foreigner who remained in Russia continuously for 180–270 days after the end of their period of stay: 5 years; more than 270 days: 10 years
  • a person with tax, administrative-fine, or expulsion-cost debts: until the debt is fully paid
• A foreigner who has been declared an “undesirable person” (решение о нежелательности пребывания) is also not permitted to enter (Art. 27, para. 7).
• To find out whether you are subject to an entry ban, see R1.8 and R2.5.

• According to the consular guide of the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Turkish missions:
  • will try to meet with you as soon as possible if you request it
  • will notify your relatives if you request it
  • will visit you at regular intervals while you are detained or imprisoned
  • may provide contact details for local lawyers and sworn interpreters and may recommend a lawyer
  • will bring your complaints concerning the judicial process to the attention of the local authorities
• They cannot:
  • hire a lawyer or conduct proceedings on your behalf; they have no budget to cover lawyers’ or litigation costs
  • release you from detention or prison unless the local authorities release you
  • request that you receive special treatment because you are a Turkish citizen
• For emergency telephone numbers and areas of responsibility of the missions, see R10.1.

• Waiting after your period of stay has expired, thinking “I will leave anyway.” Exceeding 90 days in total per year results in a 3-year entry ban; overstaying for a long period results in a 5- or 10-year entry ban.
• Missing the 15-day departure period after the cancellation of an РВП or ВНЖ.
• Missing the 10-day appeal deadline.
• Failing to bring documents showing your family ties, tax payments, and housing to the hearing. These factors are taken into account when the decision is made.
• Failing to leave the country within 5 days under a controlled voluntary departure decision.
• Leaving Russia without paying a fine debt. Entry will not be permitted until the debt is paid.

• If I appeal a forced-expulsion decision, will I remain free until the appeal is decided? The forced-expulsion decision is enforced immediately, and you are placed in a special detention center. An appeal by a person who is about to be expelled is examined within 24 hours.
• Who pays the cost of deportation? As a rule, the deported foreigner. If they have no money or were employed in violation of the rules, the inviting party pays.
• How long will I be unable to enter Russia if I am expelled? Five years for the first time; 10 years if it happens two or more times.
• My family lives in Russia. Is this taken into account? Yes. When deciding the form of expulsion, the judge considers your family situation, how long you have lived in Russia, and your tax payments.
• How do I appeal an entry ban? You may bring an administrative action in Russia within 3 months from the day you learned of the ban. Work with a Russian lawyer.
• Will the consulate hire a lawyer for me? No. It may provide lawyer information and recommendations; you pay the fee.

• Administrative Offenses Code, Art. 3.10: administrative expulsion
• Administrative Offenses Code, Art. 30.3: appeal deadline
• Federal Law 115-FZ, Art. 31: deportation
• Federal Law 114-FZ, Art. 27: entry bans
• Code of Administrative Court Procedure, Art. 219: deadline for filing an action
• Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Consular guide